The industrial PhD project was linked to the broader Corimav-Pirelli project named elastomeric materials from renewable resources. The work dealt with the valorization of low value lignocellulosic substrates, focusing on the production of new materials for elastomeric compounds. The target was to produce renewable materials that could be used as a replacement for traditional materials in tyres manufacturing. At first I`ve focused my efforts on setting up a biorefinery process that allowed to fractionate the raw lignocellulosic substrates into three potentially interesting products: lignin, cellulose nanocristals and silica. With the process, it was possible to recover simultaneously all the main fractions with high purity and reasonable yield. Later, through a modification of the biorefinery process a fourth material was prepared, a biofiller composed by lignin and silica. This material is potentially extremely interesting since it combines the desirable characteristics of both silica (state of the art filler in high performance tyres) and lignin (renewable, lightweight, with antioxidant properties). At first all the products generated through the process form the lignocellulosic substrates were tested in rubber model compounds. After the first screening of the properties in composites with natural rubber, the effort focused on lignin based materials, studying the influence of their properties on the thermal and mechanical properties of their composites with natural rubber. The work followed three main topics: identification of relationships between lignin molecular structure and the performances in the elastomeric compounds, improvement of the characteristics by means of different thechniques (fractionation, thermal processes and chemical modifications) and optimization of the lignin-silica biofiller in order to improve its reinforcing capability.
Il lavoro di tesi si colloca nel più ampio progetto del Corimav intitolato materiali elastomerici da fonti rinnovabili. In particolar modo è incentrato sulla valorizzazione di substrati lignocellulosici a basso costo tramite l’ottenimento di prodotti ad elevato valore aggiunto che possono essere utilizzati in sostituzione degli ingredienti tradizionali all’interno di mescole elastomeriche per pneumatici o per l’introduzione di nuove proprietà. In una prima fase del lavoro mi sono occupato della messa a punto di un processo di biorefinery che ci ha consentito di frazionare i substrati di partenza in tre componenti potenzialmente interessanti: lignina, nanocellulosa e silice. Il processo risulta interessante per la possibilità di recuperare simultaneamente tutti e tre i prodotti, con un elevato grado di purezza e una resa discreta. In un secondo memento una modifica del processo di biorefinery ci ha permesso di preparare un materiale ibrido lignina-cellulosa potenzialmente estremamente interessante in quanto combina le caratteristiche della silice (filler di punta nei pneumatici di ultima generazione) e della lignina (rinnovabile, leggera, proprietà antiossidanti). Dopo uno screening iniziale delle proprietà in mescola dei prodotti ottenuti dal frazionamento dei substrati lignocellulosici mi sono concentrato sull’utilizzo della lignina, cercando di migliorare le proprietà meccaniche dei compositi con la gomma naturale. Il lavoro è proseguito su tre fronti: identificazione delle caratteristiche strutturali della lignina che migliorano le proprietà termiche e meccaniche dei composti elastomerici, miglioramento delle proprietà finali mediante modifica della struttura della lignina con diversi trattamenti (frazionamento, processi termici e modifiche chimiche) e ottimizzazione delle caratteristiche del biofiller lignina-silice per aumentarne la capacità di rinforzo.
Lignin-based elastomeric composites for sustainable tyre technology
BARANA, DAVIDE
2017
Abstract
The industrial PhD project was linked to the broader Corimav-Pirelli project named elastomeric materials from renewable resources. The work dealt with the valorization of low value lignocellulosic substrates, focusing on the production of new materials for elastomeric compounds. The target was to produce renewable materials that could be used as a replacement for traditional materials in tyres manufacturing. At first I`ve focused my efforts on setting up a biorefinery process that allowed to fractionate the raw lignocellulosic substrates into three potentially interesting products: lignin, cellulose nanocristals and silica. With the process, it was possible to recover simultaneously all the main fractions with high purity and reasonable yield. Later, through a modification of the biorefinery process a fourth material was prepared, a biofiller composed by lignin and silica. This material is potentially extremely interesting since it combines the desirable characteristics of both silica (state of the art filler in high performance tyres) and lignin (renewable, lightweight, with antioxidant properties). At first all the products generated through the process form the lignocellulosic substrates were tested in rubber model compounds. After the first screening of the properties in composites with natural rubber, the effort focused on lignin based materials, studying the influence of their properties on the thermal and mechanical properties of their composites with natural rubber. The work followed three main topics: identification of relationships between lignin molecular structure and the performances in the elastomeric compounds, improvement of the characteristics by means of different thechniques (fractionation, thermal processes and chemical modifications) and optimization of the lignin-silica biofiller in order to improve its reinforcing capability.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/77541
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMIB-77541