Nutrition and the immune system have a main role in shaping the gut microbial community; on its side, variation in microbiota composition can greatly affect health status. Some bacterial lineages are generally associated with beneficial effects (e.g. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria in the human gut), while other members of the microbiota hold the potential to cause pathological alterations, and also systemic infections. During my PhD period, I used Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies to investigate these bacteria-human relationships: the influence of gut microbiota on human health and the genetic characterization of bacterial pathogens, mainly opportunistic, that are frequently found in the human gut (pathobionts), or associated with food. More in detail, I studied the influence and the composition of the gut bacterial community in the pediatric age and in immune-related disorders (atopic dermatitis and inflammatory bowel disease). Furthermore, I performed NGS-based genomic epidemiology investigations to reconstruct the transmission routes of bacterial pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Lastly, I was involved to the development of a novel approach to High Resolution Melting-based subspecies typing (called Hypervariable Locus Melting Typing, HLMT), and I developed a specific HLMT protocol for Klebsiella pneumoniae, one of the most important opportunistic pathogens associated with the human gut.
La nutrizione e il sistema immunitario hanno un ruolo fondamentale nel plasmare la comunità microbica intestinale; da parte sua, la variazione nella composizione del microbiota può influenzare notevolmente lo stato di salute. Alcuni ceppi batterici sono generalmente associati ad effetti benefici (ad esempio i Lattobacilli ed i Bifidobatteri nell'intestino umano), mentre altri membri del microbiota possono causare alterazioni patologiche ed infezioni sistemiche. Durante il mio periodo di dottorato, ho utilizzato le tecnologie Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) per indagare queste relazioni batteri-uomo: l'influenza del microbiota intestinale sulla salute umana e la caratterizzazione genetica dei patogeni batterici, principalmente opportunistici, che si trovano frequentemente nell'intestino umano (patobionti) o associati al cibo. Più in dettaglio, ho studiato l'influenza e la composizione della comunità batterica intestinale in età pediatrica e nei disturbi immuno-correlati (dermatite atopica e malattie infiammatorie croniche intestinali). Inoltre, ho eseguito indagini di epidemiologia genomica basate su NGS per ricostruire le vie di trasmissione di agenti patogeni batterici, come Escherichia coli e Staphylococcus aureus. Infine, sono stato coinvolto nello sviluppo di un nuovo approccio alla tipizzazione delle sottospecie batteriche basata su High Resolution Melting (chiamato Hypervariable Locus Melting Typing, HLMT), e ho sviluppato un protocollo HLMT specifico per Klebsiella pneumoniae, uno dei più importanti patogeni opportunisti associati all'intestino umano.
INVESTIGATION ON THE ROLE OF NUTRITION AND BACTERIA IN HUMAN HEALTH USING NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING (NGS): FROM GUT MICROBIOTA IN IMMUNE-RELATED DISORDERS TO GENOMIC EPIDEMIOLOGY
PERINI, MATTEO
2022
Abstract
Nutrition and the immune system have a main role in shaping the gut microbial community; on its side, variation in microbiota composition can greatly affect health status. Some bacterial lineages are generally associated with beneficial effects (e.g. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria in the human gut), while other members of the microbiota hold the potential to cause pathological alterations, and also systemic infections. During my PhD period, I used Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies to investigate these bacteria-human relationships: the influence of gut microbiota on human health and the genetic characterization of bacterial pathogens, mainly opportunistic, that are frequently found in the human gut (pathobionts), or associated with food. More in detail, I studied the influence and the composition of the gut bacterial community in the pediatric age and in immune-related disorders (atopic dermatitis and inflammatory bowel disease). Furthermore, I performed NGS-based genomic epidemiology investigations to reconstruct the transmission routes of bacterial pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Lastly, I was involved to the development of a novel approach to High Resolution Melting-based subspecies typing (called Hypervariable Locus Melting Typing, HLMT), and I developed a specific HLMT protocol for Klebsiella pneumoniae, one of the most important opportunistic pathogens associated with the human gut.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/78504
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMI-78504