The European criminal investigation order, introduced by Directive 2014/41/EU, is an instrument of judicial cooperation in the field of evidence, which has become necessary, given the growing transnational dimension of crime as a result of the sublimation of geographical boundaries in the European Union's Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. The supranational directive, implemented by Italian Legislative Decree no. 108 of 2017, has given rise to a construct of hybrid nature, inspired by the principle of mutual recognition, which maintains, at the same time, certain features typical of traditional mutual legal assistance, in an attempt to combine investigative efficiency and protection of fundamental guarantees. In an underlying backdrop still characterized by the absence of harmonization of national procedural and evidentiary rules, the mechanism for adducing evidence in a foreign country revolves around the principle of proportionality, which in turn takes shape in the context of a balancing judgement - to be conducted in the actual case and taking into consideration the specificities of such case - between the needs related to the detection of crime and the sacrifices imposed on the rights of the persons involved, for various reasons, in the procedures aimed at issuing and executing the relevant order. This doctoral thesis intends to provide a comprehensive analysis of the European Investigation Order, beginning with its legal framework, for the purposes of highlighting the main problems that have emerged in its early-stage enforcement and of identifying solutions capable of shorten the gap between theory and practice. To this end, a large space is firstly dedicated to the analysis of the early case-law rendered by the Court of Justice and by the Italian Court of Cassation on this theme, which reveals the overall tendency to prefer purposes of investigatory efficiency to the detriment of defense rights; secondly, this thesis critically evaluates some practical cases selected at the Public Prosecutor's Office of Milan and Monza.
L’ordine europeo di indagine penale, introdotto dalla direttiva 2014/41/UE, è uno strumento di cooperazione giudiziaria nel settore delle prove divenuto imprescindibile a fronte della crescente dimensione transnazionale assunta dalla criminalità, quale conseguenza dell’evaporazione dei confini geografici nello Spazio di libertà, sicurezza e giustizia dell’Unione europea. La direttiva sovranazionale, recepita nell’ordinamento italiano attraverso il d.lgs. n. 108 del 2017, ha dato vita a un istituto avente natura ibrida, animato dal principio del reciproco riconoscimento, che conserva, al contempo, alcuni tratti tipici della mutua assistenza giudiziaria tradizionale, nel tentativo di coniugare l’efficienza investigativa e la tutela delle garanzie fondamentali. Sullo sfondo di un contesto caratterizzato dall’assenza di armonizzazione tra le regole processuali e probatorie nazionali, il meccanismo di acquisizione della prova all’estero ruota attorno al principio di proporzionalità, che prende forma nel giudizio di bilanciamento, da condursi in concreto tenendo conto delle peculiarità del caso, tra le esigenze connesse all’accertamento del reato e il sacrificio imposto ai diritti delle persone a vario titolo coinvolte nelle procedure di emissione ed esecuzione dell’ordine. La presente tesi di dottorato intende fornire un’analisi a trecentosessanta gradi dell’ordine europeo d’indagine, prendendo le mosse dalla disciplina normativa, con l’obiettivo di mettere in luce le principali problematiche emerse nelle sue prime esperienze applicative e individuare soluzioni in grado di accorciare le distanze che separano teoria e prassi. A tal fine, ampio spazio è dedicato alla ricostruzione delle prime pronunce giurisprudenziali rese sul tema dalla Corte di giustizia e dalla Corte di cassazione, che rivelano complessivamente la tendenza a prediligere le istanze di efficienza investigativa a scapito dei diritti della difesa, per poi esporre, in chiave critica, alcuni casi pratici selezionati presso le Procura della Repubblica di Milano e di Monza
L'ORDINE EUROPEO D'INDAGINE PENALE: DISCIPLINA NORMATIVA E PRIME ESPERIENZE APPLICATIVE
DE LUCA, CARLOTTA
2022
Abstract
The European criminal investigation order, introduced by Directive 2014/41/EU, is an instrument of judicial cooperation in the field of evidence, which has become necessary, given the growing transnational dimension of crime as a result of the sublimation of geographical boundaries in the European Union's Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. The supranational directive, implemented by Italian Legislative Decree no. 108 of 2017, has given rise to a construct of hybrid nature, inspired by the principle of mutual recognition, which maintains, at the same time, certain features typical of traditional mutual legal assistance, in an attempt to combine investigative efficiency and protection of fundamental guarantees. In an underlying backdrop still characterized by the absence of harmonization of national procedural and evidentiary rules, the mechanism for adducing evidence in a foreign country revolves around the principle of proportionality, which in turn takes shape in the context of a balancing judgement - to be conducted in the actual case and taking into consideration the specificities of such case - between the needs related to the detection of crime and the sacrifices imposed on the rights of the persons involved, for various reasons, in the procedures aimed at issuing and executing the relevant order. This doctoral thesis intends to provide a comprehensive analysis of the European Investigation Order, beginning with its legal framework, for the purposes of highlighting the main problems that have emerged in its early-stage enforcement and of identifying solutions capable of shorten the gap between theory and practice. To this end, a large space is firstly dedicated to the analysis of the early case-law rendered by the Court of Justice and by the Italian Court of Cassation on this theme, which reveals the overall tendency to prefer purposes of investigatory efficiency to the detriment of defense rights; secondly, this thesis critically evaluates some practical cases selected at the Public Prosecutor's Office of Milan and Monza.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/78580
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMI-78580