Polyploidy is a very common biological phenomenon among plants, consisting of the presence of a greater number of chromosomes than the normal diploid (2n) chromosome set within the cells of an individual. As a result, polyploid plants gain many advantages compared to diploid plants, especially in terms of vigor and adaptability. Particularly interesting for forage crops are the phenotypic changes resulting from polyploidization events that lead to increased productivity not only in terms of biomass, but also in forage nutritional values and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. This research project focused on Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), two of the most widely cultivated forage species worldwide in which tetraploid varieties are present. In the case of Italian ryegrass, tetraploid varieties were obtained artificially by a somatic polyploidization process, while the tetraploid forms belonging to the genus Medicago are derived from sexual polyploidization that occurred spontaneously due to the presence of unreduced gametes. This thesis, therefore, is divided into two main parts: the first focused on the evaluation of 14 commercial varieties of L. multiflorum and the second one on the mechamisms and the consequences of sexual polyploidization in polyploid individuals of the Medicago sativa-coerulea-falcata complex.
La poliploidia è un fenomeno biologico molto comune nel mondo vegetale e consiste nella presenza di un numero di cromosomi maggiore rispetto al normale corredo cromosomico diploide (2n) all’interno delle cellule di un individuo. Come conseguenza, le piante poliploidi presentano numerosi vantaggi rispetto a quelle diploidi, soprattutto in termini di vigoria e adattabilità. Le variazioni fenotipiche derivanti da un evento di poliploidizzazione che portano a una produttività maggiore non solo in termini di biomassa, ma anche di valori nutrizionali del foraggio e tolleranza agli stress biotici e abiotici sono di particolare interesse per le specie foraggere. In questo progetto di ricerca sono state analizzate la loiessa (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) e l’erba medica (Medicago sativa L.), due delle specie foraggere più coltivate in tutto il mondo in cui sono presenti varietà tetraploidi. Nel caso della loiessa, le varietà tetraploidi sono state ottenute artificialmente da un processo di poliploidizzazione somatica, mentre le forme tetraploidi appartenenti al genere Medicago sono derivate da una poliploidizzazione sessuale avvenuta spontaneamente a causa della presenza di gameti non ridotti. Questa tesi, quindi, si divide in due parti principali: la prima incentrata sulla valutazione di 14 varietà commerciali di L. multiflorum e la seconda sulle cause e le conseguenze della poliploidizzazione sessuale in individui poliploidi del complesso Medicago sativa–coerulea–falcata.
Advanced breeding methods for polyploid forage crops: Italian ryegrass and alfalfa as case study
PASQUALI, ELISA
2023
Abstract
Polyploidy is a very common biological phenomenon among plants, consisting of the presence of a greater number of chromosomes than the normal diploid (2n) chromosome set within the cells of an individual. As a result, polyploid plants gain many advantages compared to diploid plants, especially in terms of vigor and adaptability. Particularly interesting for forage crops are the phenotypic changes resulting from polyploidization events that lead to increased productivity not only in terms of biomass, but also in forage nutritional values and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. This research project focused on Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), two of the most widely cultivated forage species worldwide in which tetraploid varieties are present. In the case of Italian ryegrass, tetraploid varieties were obtained artificially by a somatic polyploidization process, while the tetraploid forms belonging to the genus Medicago are derived from sexual polyploidization that occurred spontaneously due to the presence of unreduced gametes. This thesis, therefore, is divided into two main parts: the first focused on the evaluation of 14 commercial varieties of L. multiflorum and the second one on the mechamisms and the consequences of sexual polyploidization in polyploid individuals of the Medicago sativa-coerulea-falcata complex.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesidef_Elisa_Pasquali.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/79834
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPD-79834