The aim of this study is to provide a solution to the issues related to the topics of the administration and alienation of Church property, as well as the responsibility of the administrator of the Church’s temporal property and the related canonical implications in domestic law. During the examination of the above-mentioned issues, the position of the Church (and its internal organs) with respect to situations caused by the mala gestio of the administrator of a temporal property and the related remedies available to the Church for its protection, including for obtaining compensation for any damage suffered, were carefully analyzed. The study moved from the historical analysis of the meaning of Church patrimony and its evolution over the centuries, from the Old Testament to the present. An analysis of the preparatory work of the Commission appointed to draft Book V of the 1983 Code of Canon Law made it possible to compare, and, thus, to identify the differences that existed on several issues with respect to the previous Code of Canon Law of 1917. In particular, the intervention or referral of canon law to domestic law and the Commission’s discussions regarding the resolution of certain legally complex issues (such as limitations, the moral character of the entity, canonical contracts and obligations) allowed us to acknowledge the strong connection that exists between the two legal systems, despite the fact that, as will be seen in the course of the paper, some aspects relating to certain issues are considered to be strictly canonical in nature. To answer the question raised at the beginning of this study, issues related to the administration and alienation of the Church’s temporal goods were analyzed, as well as the important innovations introduced by the 1983 Code. Particular attention was paid to the distinction between ordinary and extraordinary administration. As a consequence of this, the concept of alienation of Church property was explored, with specific reference to the topic of stable patrimony and canonical controls. These topics all converge toward the strong and debated issue of the invalidity of the canonical act (in the canonical system) executed without the license of the Ordinary and the (possible) validity in the civil law system with the related repercussions that may follow. Closely related to the topic of administration and alienation is the figure of the administrator of Church property and the liability he or she may incur in the performance of his or her actions and possible acts of mala gestio. Following the examination of the aforementioned institutions, the thesis analysed the possible scenarios in which the Church and its organs could be involved, and specifically considered the protection that the Church has to implement to defend and protect its property and assets, also taking into account the activity of the administrator and the related compensation for the damage to the latter. The paper considers, as possible legal provisions to be applied, on the one hand, canons 128 and 1281 § 3 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law, and on the other hand, the use of the recourse action governed by articles 1292 et seq. of the Italian Civil Code. It is therefore by means of these measures that the thesis intends to provide possible solutions to any legal situation in which the entity and its organs may be involved.
Lo scopo di questa ricerca è di fornire una soluzione alle problematiche legate ai temi dell’amministrazione e dell’alienazione dei beni della Chiesa, nonché della responsabilità dell’amministratore dei beni temporali della Chiesa e delle relative implicazioni canoniche nell’ordinamento statale. Nel corso dell’esame delle tematiche sopra menzionate, è stata esaminata con particolare attenzione la posizione della Chiesa (e dei propri Organi interni) rispetto alle situazioni causate dalla mala gestio dell’amministratore di un bene temporale e i relativi rimedi di cui la Chiesa dispone a sua tutela, anche per ottenere il risarcimento dell’eventuale danno subito. Lo studio ha preso le mosse dall’analisi storica del significato di patrimonio della Chiesa e della sua evoluzione nel corso dei secoli, a partire dall’Antico Testamento sino al presente. L’analisi dei lavori preparatori della Commissione designata per la redazione del Libro V del Codice di Diritto Canonico del 1983 ha consentito di confrontare, e, quindi, di individuare le differenze esistenti su diverse tematiche rispetto al Codice di Diritto Canonico precedente del 1917. In particolare, l’intervento o il rinvio del diritto canonico al diritto statale e le discussioni della Commissione riguardanti la risoluzione di alcune questioni giuridicamente complesse (quali ad esempio l’istituto della prescrizione, la personalità morale dell’ente, in contratti canonici e le obbligazioni) hanno consentito di prendere atto della forte connessione esistente tra i due ordinamenti, nonostante, come si vedrà nel corso dell’elaborato, alcuni aspetti relativi a determinate tematiche si considerino di competenza strettamente canonistica. Per rispondere al quesito posto al principio della presente ricerca, sono stati analizzati i temi relativi all’amministrazione ed alla alienazione dei beni temporali della Chiesa, nonché le importanti novità introdotte dal Codice del 1983. Particolare attenzione è stata dedicata alla distinzione tra amministrazione ordinaria e amministrazione straordinaria. Di conseguenza a ciò, si è approfondito il concetto di alienazione dei beni della Chiesa, con specifico riferimento al tema del patrimonio stabile e dei controlli canonici. Tali argomenti convergono tutti verso il forte e discusso tema dell’invalidità dell’atto canonico (nell’ordinamento canonico) concluso senza licenza dell’Ordinario e la (possibile) validità nell’ordinamento civilistico con i relativi riflessi che possono derivarne. Strettamente collegato al tema dell’amministrazione e dell’alienazione è la figura dell’amministratore dei beni della Chiesa e della responsabilità cui egli può incorrere nel compimento delle proprie azioni e degli eventuali atti di mala gestio. All’esito dell’esame degli istituti menzionati poc’anzi, la tesi ha analizzato i possibili scenari in cui la Chiesa ed i suoi Organi potrebbero essere coinvolti, e considerato in maniera specifica la tutela che la Chiesa deve attuare a difesa e tutela dei propri beni e del proprio patrimonio, anche tenuto conto dell’attività dell’amministratore e la relativa riparazione del danno in capo a quest’ultimo. L’elaborato considera, quali possibili norme giuridiche da applicare, da un lato i canoni 128 e 1281 § 3 del Codice di Diritto Canonico del 1983 aventi carattere generale, dall’altro, l’utilizzo dell’azione di regresso disciplinata dagli articoli 1292 e ss. del Codice Civile italiano, avente carattere particolare. È attraverso tali strumenti, quindi, che l’elaborato intende fornire delle possibili soluzioni ad ogni situazione giuridica in cui l’ente e i propri organi possono essere coinvolti.
I beni temporali della Chiesa: amministrazione, responsabilità e riparazione del danno.
TENUZZO, TANIA MARIA
2023
Abstract
The aim of this study is to provide a solution to the issues related to the topics of the administration and alienation of Church property, as well as the responsibility of the administrator of the Church’s temporal property and the related canonical implications in domestic law. During the examination of the above-mentioned issues, the position of the Church (and its internal organs) with respect to situations caused by the mala gestio of the administrator of a temporal property and the related remedies available to the Church for its protection, including for obtaining compensation for any damage suffered, were carefully analyzed. The study moved from the historical analysis of the meaning of Church patrimony and its evolution over the centuries, from the Old Testament to the present. An analysis of the preparatory work of the Commission appointed to draft Book V of the 1983 Code of Canon Law made it possible to compare, and, thus, to identify the differences that existed on several issues with respect to the previous Code of Canon Law of 1917. In particular, the intervention or referral of canon law to domestic law and the Commission’s discussions regarding the resolution of certain legally complex issues (such as limitations, the moral character of the entity, canonical contracts and obligations) allowed us to acknowledge the strong connection that exists between the two legal systems, despite the fact that, as will be seen in the course of the paper, some aspects relating to certain issues are considered to be strictly canonical in nature. To answer the question raised at the beginning of this study, issues related to the administration and alienation of the Church’s temporal goods were analyzed, as well as the important innovations introduced by the 1983 Code. Particular attention was paid to the distinction between ordinary and extraordinary administration. As a consequence of this, the concept of alienation of Church property was explored, with specific reference to the topic of stable patrimony and canonical controls. These topics all converge toward the strong and debated issue of the invalidity of the canonical act (in the canonical system) executed without the license of the Ordinary and the (possible) validity in the civil law system with the related repercussions that may follow. Closely related to the topic of administration and alienation is the figure of the administrator of Church property and the liability he or she may incur in the performance of his or her actions and possible acts of mala gestio. Following the examination of the aforementioned institutions, the thesis analysed the possible scenarios in which the Church and its organs could be involved, and specifically considered the protection that the Church has to implement to defend and protect its property and assets, also taking into account the activity of the administrator and the related compensation for the damage to the latter. The paper considers, as possible legal provisions to be applied, on the one hand, canons 128 and 1281 § 3 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law, and on the other hand, the use of the recourse action governed by articles 1292 et seq. of the Italian Civil Code. It is therefore by means of these measures that the thesis intends to provide possible solutions to any legal situation in which the entity and its organs may be involved.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/80223
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMORE-80223