The correct identification of diseases is fundamental for the construction of the biological profile of forensic and archaeological cases. The diagnosis of bone diseases consists in the comparison of the location and morphological characteristics of bone changes with the clinical literature and previous published cases for the identification of the causative agent. While the clinical literature may not be adequate to understand the morphology and distribution of dry bone lesions, the current paleopathological literature is mostly based on archaeological skeletons, on which very little is known, and specimens from pathology museums, with extreme manifestations of diseases often unrepresentative of classic cases. This thesis aims to investigate the macroscopic diagnosis of pathological conditions based on skeletons with antemortem clinical diagnoses from a reference osteological collection: the CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection, and in particular atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, HIV/AIDS, multiple myeloma and solid metastatic cancer. In addition to this main objective, several other research lines were explored including the histological analysis of non-skeletal calcified manifestations of diseases, the comparison between macroscopic and radiographic analysis of bone lesions and the description of bone lesions for pathological analysis on dry bones, through the examination of skeletal material from cemeterial, forensic and archaeological cases as well as samples extracted from well- preserved cadavers during autopsies. This research not only implemented the scientific literature on bone diseases but also provided specific documentation to diagnose conditions previously unexamined and raised some important issues on the diagnosis of skeletal conditions on dry bone.
La corretta identificazione delle malattie è fondamentale per la costruzione del profilo biologico dei casi forensi e archeologici. La diagnosi di patologie ossee consiste nel confronto della posizione e delle caratteristiche morfologiche di lesioni ossee comparando la letteratura clinica e i precedenti casi pubblicati per l'identificazione dell'agente patogeno. Da un lato, la letteratura clinica non è adeguata a comprendere le manifestazioni morfologiche e la distribuzione delle lesioni ossee sull’osso secco; dall’altro, la letteratura paleopatologica si basa principalmente su scheletri archeologici, dei quali si sa molto poco e su esemplari di musei di anatomia patologica, con manifestazioni ossee estreme di malattie. Questa tesi mira a studiare la diagnosi macroscopica di condizioni patologiche basate su scheletri con anamnesi cliniche antemortem utilizzando una collezione osteologica di riferimento: la CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection, focalizzandosi sull’aterosclerosi, l’artrite reumatoide, il diabete mellito, l’HIV/AIDS, il mieloma multiplo e il carcinoma solido metastatico. Oltre a questo obiettivo principale, sono state esplorate diverse linee di ricerca tra cui l'analisi istologica di manifestazioni calcificate non scheletriche di malattie, il confronto tra analisi macroscopica e radiografica delle lesioni ossee e la descrizione di lesioni ossee per le analisi patologiche attraverso l'esame di materiale scheletrico da casi cimiteriali, forensi e archeologici, nonché campioni estratti da cadaveri ben conservati durante autopsie. Questa ricerca non solo ha implementato la letteratura scientifica sulle malattie delle ossa, ma ha anche fornito i mezzi per diagnosticare condizioni precedentemente non esaminate e ha sollevato alcuni problemi importanti sulla diagnosi delle condizioni scheletriche sull'osso secco.
THE CHALLENGING DIAGNOSIS OF BONE DISEASE: A REAPPRAISAL OF PATHOLOGICAL BONE MARKERS BASED ON THE CAL MILANO CEMETERY SKELETAL COLLECTION
BIEHLER GOMEZ, LUCIE NATIVIDAD JEANNINE
2020
Abstract
The correct identification of diseases is fundamental for the construction of the biological profile of forensic and archaeological cases. The diagnosis of bone diseases consists in the comparison of the location and morphological characteristics of bone changes with the clinical literature and previous published cases for the identification of the causative agent. While the clinical literature may not be adequate to understand the morphology and distribution of dry bone lesions, the current paleopathological literature is mostly based on archaeological skeletons, on which very little is known, and specimens from pathology museums, with extreme manifestations of diseases often unrepresentative of classic cases. This thesis aims to investigate the macroscopic diagnosis of pathological conditions based on skeletons with antemortem clinical diagnoses from a reference osteological collection: the CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection, and in particular atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, HIV/AIDS, multiple myeloma and solid metastatic cancer. In addition to this main objective, several other research lines were explored including the histological analysis of non-skeletal calcified manifestations of diseases, the comparison between macroscopic and radiographic analysis of bone lesions and the description of bone lesions for pathological analysis on dry bones, through the examination of skeletal material from cemeterial, forensic and archaeological cases as well as samples extracted from well- preserved cadavers during autopsies. This research not only implemented the scientific literature on bone diseases but also provided specific documentation to diagnose conditions previously unexamined and raised some important issues on the diagnosis of skeletal conditions on dry bone.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/85254
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMI-85254