Modality in music is assuredly one of the most problematic theoretical aspects, as it is originally a monodic theory that has been applied to polyphony. There can be 8, 10 or 12 modes, constructed on D or on C. Faced with this plurality, there is disagreement and neither theory nor practice will produce an homogenous system. Recent studies have brought greater objectivity but one can distinguish either panoramic studies, covering a very broad corpus and period, or more specific studies concentrating generally on a single composer. Therefore, a parallel including two countries (or rather to territories), France and Italy, seemed interesting and in order to achieve this, the theoretical and musical sources have been gathered. The collections organized by mode have been retained as they are the most likely to provide insight into the modes and their use, but without actually analysing them: it is the assembled preliminary texts that are the centre of this study. This work covers a period beginning with the publication of Zarlino’s Dimostrationi Harmoniche in 1571, as it from this date the modal systems are the most varied. The study finishes in 1652 with a piece organized according to the modes, Artus Aux-Couteaux’s Suite de la premiere partie des Qutatrains de Mr Matthieu mis en musique à trois voix, selon l’ordre des douze modes. This explicitly modal collection seems very archaic: the harmonic idiom is already well established in musical practice. First, it is necessary to retrace modality from Antiquity to the present, taking time to try and understand what it can mean in Renaissance and the legends still conveyed by it. This systems is often a source of conflict between theorists, and the modes are even considered in confrontations of identity, particularly in France during the wars of religion. The theoretical sources do not lend themselves to a comparison between the two countries, quite to the contrary it is the multiplicity of modal systems that will serve as a guide; pedagogical aspects will also be touched on, in other words, which audience was likely to study the modes and why. Musical sources lend themselves more readily to be studied by country as in France and Italy the collections organized by mode are different. While they are mostly spiritual and vocal in France, Italy gives over abundantly to instrumental music and sacred vocal works. Surprisingly, there are but few books of madrigals, all by Gesualdo. All the collections are to be classified according to the manner in which they present the modal organization that defines them. A final source type appears, mixing theoretical writing and music, and will be given specific attention. In the last part, a broader approach taking an interest in the profiles of the different authors, will allow a better understanding of who composes and who writes about modality. This will be an opportunity to delve deeper into a number of questions raised in the course of this study, such as the under-representation of madrigals in this corpus of works: the results of an investigation of this repertoire will be revealed. Finally, the nature of the examples given in theoretical discourse will be studied.
La modalità è certamente, in musica, uno degli aspetti teorici tra i più problematici perché inizialmente è una teoria monodica che veniva applicata alla polifonia. I modi possono essere 8, 10 o anche 12 ed essere ordinate su re o su do. Di fronte a questa pluralità, gli uomini si disputano e né la teoria né la pratica presentano un sistema omogeneo. Gli studi recenti hanno permesso di fornire una maggiore obiettività ma distinguiamo da una parte studi panoramici, che offrono un corpus e un periodo di studio molto ampio, e dall’altra studi più mirati generalmente concentrati su un singolo compositore. Quindi ci è sembrato interessante un parallelo che includesse due paesi, Francia e Italia, e per farlo, abbiamo esaminato le fonti teoriche ma anche musicali. Sono state selezionate le raccolte con organizzazione modale perché sono quelle più idonee a fornire informazioni sui modi e sulla loro pratica ma senza necessariamente analizzarle: sono i paratesti che saranno al centro dello studio. Questo lavoro commincia con la pubblicazione delle Dimostrationi Harmoniche di Zarlino nel 1571, perché è da questa data che i sistemi modali sono i più numerosu. Infine, questo studio si conclude nel 1652 con una raccolta organizzata secondo i modi, la Suite de la premiere partie des Quatrains de Mr matthieu mis en musique à trois voix selon l’ordre des douze modes di Artus Aux-Couteaux. Quest’opera esplicitamente modale sembra molto arcaica: il linguaggio armonico è già ben presente nella pratica musicale. Innanzitutto è necessario fare un percorso della modalità dall'Antichità al Rinascimento, tenendo conto delle leggende che ancora trasmette. Questo sistema è spesso fonte di conflitto tra i teorici e i modi vengono prese in considerazione anche nei confronti d'identità, in particolare in Francia con le guerre di religione. Le fonti teoriche non si prestano ad un confronto tra i due paesi, anzi, è la pluralità dei sistemi modali che qui servirà da guida; si parlerà anche degli aspetti didattici, ovvero quale pubblico in questo momento potrebbe interessarsi allo studio dei modi e perché. Le fonti musicali si prestano maggiormente a un approccio per paese perché in Francia e in Italia il repertorio organizzato secondo i modi sono diversi. Prevalentemente spirituale e vocale in Francia, l'Italia si dedica ampiamente alla musica strumentale e vocale sacra; curiosamente sono pochissimi i libri di madrigali, tutti di Gesualdo. Tutte le collezioni saranno classificate in base al modo di presentare l'organizzazione modale che le definisce. È apparsa un'ultima categoria di fonti: questa mescola testo teorico e musica, e sarà oggetto di una trattazione speciale. Nell'ultima parte sarà necessario ampliare il discorso fermandosi sui profili dei diversi autori, che permetteranno di individuare chi compone e chi si occupa della modalità. Sarà questa l'occasione per approfondire alcune questioni emerse nel corso di questo lavoro, come ad esempio la scarsissima rappresentanza in questo corpus dei libri madrigali: verrà svelato il risultato di un'indagine su questo repertorio. Infine studieremo la natura degli esempi nei discorsi teorici.
I modi musicali e il loro ordine in Francia e in Italia (1571-1652)
BAUGUIL, GREGOIRE
2023
Abstract
Modality in music is assuredly one of the most problematic theoretical aspects, as it is originally a monodic theory that has been applied to polyphony. There can be 8, 10 or 12 modes, constructed on D or on C. Faced with this plurality, there is disagreement and neither theory nor practice will produce an homogenous system. Recent studies have brought greater objectivity but one can distinguish either panoramic studies, covering a very broad corpus and period, or more specific studies concentrating generally on a single composer. Therefore, a parallel including two countries (or rather to territories), France and Italy, seemed interesting and in order to achieve this, the theoretical and musical sources have been gathered. The collections organized by mode have been retained as they are the most likely to provide insight into the modes and their use, but without actually analysing them: it is the assembled preliminary texts that are the centre of this study. This work covers a period beginning with the publication of Zarlino’s Dimostrationi Harmoniche in 1571, as it from this date the modal systems are the most varied. The study finishes in 1652 with a piece organized according to the modes, Artus Aux-Couteaux’s Suite de la premiere partie des Qutatrains de Mr Matthieu mis en musique à trois voix, selon l’ordre des douze modes. This explicitly modal collection seems very archaic: the harmonic idiom is already well established in musical practice. First, it is necessary to retrace modality from Antiquity to the present, taking time to try and understand what it can mean in Renaissance and the legends still conveyed by it. This systems is often a source of conflict between theorists, and the modes are even considered in confrontations of identity, particularly in France during the wars of religion. The theoretical sources do not lend themselves to a comparison between the two countries, quite to the contrary it is the multiplicity of modal systems that will serve as a guide; pedagogical aspects will also be touched on, in other words, which audience was likely to study the modes and why. Musical sources lend themselves more readily to be studied by country as in France and Italy the collections organized by mode are different. While they are mostly spiritual and vocal in France, Italy gives over abundantly to instrumental music and sacred vocal works. Surprisingly, there are but few books of madrigals, all by Gesualdo. All the collections are to be classified according to the manner in which they present the modal organization that defines them. A final source type appears, mixing theoretical writing and music, and will be given specific attention. In the last part, a broader approach taking an interest in the profiles of the different authors, will allow a better understanding of who composes and who writes about modality. This will be an opportunity to delve deeper into a number of questions raised in the course of this study, such as the under-representation of madrigals in this corpus of works: the results of an investigation of this repertoire will be revealed. Finally, the nature of the examples given in theoretical discourse will be studied.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/86390
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPV-86390