Constraints on the primordial spectrum and inflationary potential from cosmological observations

In this PhD thesis we will focus on some specific topics, namely: • the inflationary theory in the context of the standard cosmological model and its prediction; • implications of considering an nflationary scenario on the constraints on a minimal cosmological model; • constraints on inflationary parameters from current data and reconstruction of the inflationary initial potential; • constraints on effective number and masses of neutrinos using current data, and their impact on the reconstruction of the inflationary potential; • the presence of such a step-like feature in the inflaton potential, implications and constraints from the data;