Taste changes due to chemotherapy may contribute to the high prevalence of malnutrition in cancer patients. The diagnosis of dysgeusia is important in the prognosis of patients. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to preventing and/or reducing taste alterations and malnutrition by opening future perspectives that consider early evaluation of alterations in taste for better management of future food behavior alterations of the patient. In the Study I, 35 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were compared to healthy controls (n = 32). Taste function test was used to determine taste sensitivity. Different concentrations for each of the 4 basic tastes (salty, sweet, sour, bitter) and also fat and water tastes were evaluated. In the Study II, we compared Breast Cancer patients (N=17) and Gastrointestinal Cancer patients (N=15) at baseline (T0) and after treatment. Also umami taste was evaluated. Dietary intake and body composition were analyzed. A significant difference in taste sensitivity among patients compared to the control group was found. In the Study II the taste that all patients were able to discriminate at baseline was bitter whereas the one that was more difficult to identify properly was umami. After treatment, the tastes that experienced the most relevant changes were bitter and sour tastes (that increased in most patients), sweet taste (that decreased in most patients) and umami (which was the one that decreased the most in the majority of patients). In particular we found that there was a statistically significant correlation between loss of umami perception and increased sensitivity to sour. Since alterations in taste sensitivity influence food preferences and appetite, an evaluation of taste sensitivity could be useful to modify diet composition in such a way as to guarantee the necessary nutritional intake. More research is needed to clarify the character, frequency, and duration of taste modifications and their healthy implications.
Le modificazioni della sensibilità gustativa dovute alla chemioterapia possono contribuire all'elevata prevalenza della malnutrizione nei pazienti oncologici. La diagnosi di disgeusia è importante per la prognosi dei pazienti. L'obiettivo di questa tesi è quello di contribuire a prevenire e/o ridurre le alterazioni del gusto e la malnutrizione aprendo prospettive future che considerano la valutazione precoce delle alterazioni del gusto per una migliore gestione dell’alimentazione del paziente. Nello studio I, 35 pazienti oncologici sottoposti a chemioterapia sono stati confrontati con controlli sani (N=32). Il test della sensibilità gustativa è stato utilizzato per determinare l’alterazione del gusto. Sono state valutate concentrazioni diverse per ciascuno dei 4 gusti base (salato, dolce, acido, amaro) e sono stati valutati anche il gusto del grasso e dell’acqua. Nello studio II, abbiamo confrontato i pazienti affetti da cancro al seno (N=17) e i pazienti affetti da cancro gastrointestinale (N=15) al basale (T0) e dopo il trattamento. Anche il gusto umami è stato valutato. Sono stati analizzati l’intake calorico e la composizione corporea. È stata riscontrata una differenza significativa nella sensibilità al gusto tra i pazienti rispetto al gruppo di controllo. Nello studio II il gusto che tutti i pazienti erano in grado di discriminare al basale era amaro, mentre quello che era più difficile da identificare correttamente era l'umami. Dopo il trattamento, i gusti che hanno subito i cambiamenti più rilevanti erano l’amaro e l’acido (che sono aumentati nella maggior parte dei pazienti), il gusto dolce (che è diminuito nella maggior parte dei pazienti) e l'umami (che è stato quello che è diminuito di più nella maggior parte dei pazienti). In particolare, vi era una correlazione statisticamente significativa tra la perdita di percezione dell’umami e una maggiore sensibilità all'acido. Poiché le alterazioni nella sensibilità gustativa influenzano le preferenze alimentari e l'appetito, una valutazione potrebbe essere utile per modificare la composizione della dieta in modo da garantire l'apporto nutrizionale necessario. Sono necessari ulteriori studi per chiarire il carattere, la frequenza e la durata delle modifiche del gusto e le loro implicazioni per la salute.
Taste sensitivity in cancer patient
PUGNALONI, SOFIA
2020
Abstract
Taste changes due to chemotherapy may contribute to the high prevalence of malnutrition in cancer patients. The diagnosis of dysgeusia is important in the prognosis of patients. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to preventing and/or reducing taste alterations and malnutrition by opening future perspectives that consider early evaluation of alterations in taste for better management of future food behavior alterations of the patient. In the Study I, 35 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were compared to healthy controls (n = 32). Taste function test was used to determine taste sensitivity. Different concentrations for each of the 4 basic tastes (salty, sweet, sour, bitter) and also fat and water tastes were evaluated. In the Study II, we compared Breast Cancer patients (N=17) and Gastrointestinal Cancer patients (N=15) at baseline (T0) and after treatment. Also umami taste was evaluated. Dietary intake and body composition were analyzed. A significant difference in taste sensitivity among patients compared to the control group was found. In the Study II the taste that all patients were able to discriminate at baseline was bitter whereas the one that was more difficult to identify properly was umami. After treatment, the tastes that experienced the most relevant changes were bitter and sour tastes (that increased in most patients), sweet taste (that decreased in most patients) and umami (which was the one that decreased the most in the majority of patients). In particular we found that there was a statistically significant correlation between loss of umami perception and increased sensitivity to sour. Since alterations in taste sensitivity influence food preferences and appetite, an evaluation of taste sensitivity could be useful to modify diet composition in such a way as to guarantee the necessary nutritional intake. More research is needed to clarify the character, frequency, and duration of taste modifications and their healthy implications.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/95427
URN:NBN:IT:UNIVPM-95427