Soil sealing is recognized as one of the main environmental issues debated in international and national Agendas. Moreover, it is considered as one of the major threat for soils, as ecosystem services drastically decrease when a natural or semi-natural surfaces are covered by artificial materials. Due to the different driving forces and impacts, soil sealing is considered a complex phenomenon. Therefore, dealing with it needs a holistic approach for a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. In this framework, GIScience and geography give a set of integrated tools to perform a systemic analysis of soil sealing and to investigate its complex dimensions, by combining quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Hence, the thesis is articulated by developing the three main dimensions of GIScience: i) pixel, which combines spatial technologies and analyses approaches by including GIS and remote sensing techniques; ii) people, which include participation of non-expert people in spatial collection; iii) policy dimension, which investigates regulations and strategies developed to provide methodological tools and recommendations to stakeholders and policymakers. Hence, the general objective of the thesis aims to investigate the complex phenomenon of soil sealing, focusing on its geographical dimension to achieve a more sustainable and inclusive urban management. The specific objectives aim to: i) assess and map soil sealing at different scales of analysis by identifying and analyzing the main sources, methodologies and techniques; ii) mapping and classifying soil sealing in Padua by testing an ecological urban index; iii) mapping and assessing urban green spaces according to the property status for sustainable spatial planning; iv) investigating the phenomenon of urban agriculture in modern cities, focusing on agroecology approach and which methodologies might be used in order to adopt this practice in urban areas; v) investigating participatory mapping methodologies in support of urban sustainability analysis. Padua was selected as a representative case study for analyzing soil sealing, in terms of magnitude of the phenomenon and of urban policies to be adopted. Aims of the thesis were pursued and addressed in the five articles, introduced by four chapters framing the three years’ research activities. The first article "Geografia urbana e partecipazione nell’era digitale: tre esperienze a Padova tra GIScience e VGI" (2019, Bollettino della Associazione Italiana di Cartografia), addresses participatory methodologies to support urban sustainability; the second article "How to map soil sealing? A systematic review" (submitted on November 2021 to ERL) presents the state of the art on methodologies and approaches to map and assess soil sealing; the third article "Biotope Area Factor: An Ecological Urban Index to Geovisualize Soil Sealing in Padua" (2020, Sustainability) presents a methodology to map soil sealing using an urban ecological index at a detailed scale. The fourth article "Whose urban green? Mapping and classifying public and private green spaces in Padua for supporting spatial planning policies" (2021, International Journal of Geo-Information) investigates green and agricultural areas focusing for the preservation and enhancement of these spaces. Finally, the chapter "Smart Cities and Agroecology: Urban Agriculture, Proximity Food and Urban Ecosystem Services" which appears in the book "Drones and Geographical Information Technologies in Agroecology and Organic Farming: Contributions to Technological Sovereignty" (CRC Press, in press) focuses attention on urban agriculture and its disappearance in the models and practices of smart cities. Further applied researches both for monitoring soil sealing by using open geospatial data and technologies and to perform Ecosystem Services-based mitigation scenarios might be necessary to support a more sustainable and inclusive urban development and management.
Nelle Agende internazionali, il consumo di suolo è riconosciuto come una delle principali issue ambientali. Il fenomeno è una delle maggiori minacce per i suoli poiché i servizi ecosistemici ad esso associati diminuiscono enormemente. A causa della multi-fattorialità delle dinamiche soggiacenti il fenomeno e degli impatti che esso provoca, viene considerato un fenomeno complesso. Per tale motivo, si rende fondamentale adottare un approccio olistico per una sua completa comprensione. In tale contesto, la GIScience e la geografia forniscono un insieme di strumenti in grado di sviluppare un'analisi sistemica e di integrarne le diverse dimensioni, per comprendere i processi geografici e le interazioni alle diverse scale territoriali, combinando approcci quantitativi e qualitativi. La tesi si articola quindi sviluppando le tre dimensioni principali della GIScience: i) pixel, ovvero l’uso di tecnologie spaziali e approcci che includano GIS e telerilevamento; ii) people, ossia la partecipazione di persone non esperte nella raccolta dei dati; iii) policies, ovvero la dimensione normativa e delle strategie al fine di fornire strumenti e raccomandazioni a stakeholders e policymakers. L'obiettivo generale della tesi intende indagare il fenomeno del consumo di suolo, verso una gestione urbana più sostenibile e inclusiva. Gli obiettivi specifici mirano a: i) valutare e mappare il consumo di suolo a diverse scale analizzando le principali fonti, metodologie e tecniche; ii) mappare e classificare il consumo di suolo testando un indice ecologico urbano; iii) mappare e stimare le aree verdi urbane per una pianificazione urbana sostenibile; iv) indagare il fenomeno dell'agricoltura urbana, concentrandosi sull'approccio agroecologico e su quali metodologie potrebbero essere utilizzate per adottare tale approccio nelle città; v) indagare le metodologie di mappatura partecipativa. Padova è stata selezionata come caso di studio paradigmatico, poiché è una città fortemente interessata da questo fenomeno e sulla quale si stanno attuando politiche per uno sviluppo urbano sostenibile. Gli obiettivi della tesi sono stati affrontati in cinque articoli, introdotti da quattro capitoli che inquadrano le attività di ricerca sviluppate nel dottorato. Il primo articolo "Geografia urbana e partecipazione nell'era digitale: tre esperienze a Padova tra GIScience e VGI" (2019, Bollettino della Associazione Italiana di Cartografia), affronta le metodologie partecipative a supporto della sostenibilità urbana; il secondo articolo "How to map soil sealing? A systematic review" (sottomesso il 20/11/2021 a ERL) presenta lo stato dell'arte sulle metodologie per mappare e valutare il consumo di suolo; il terzo articolo "Biotope Area Factor: An Ecological Urban Index to Geovisualize Soil Sealing in Padova" (2020, Sustainability) presenta una metodologia per mappare il fenomeno utilizzando un indice ecologico urbano a scala di dettaglio. Il quarto articolo “Whose urban green? Mapping and classifying public and private green spaces in Padua for supporting spatial planning policies" (2021, International Journal of Geo-Information) indaga le aree verdi e agricole puntando alla conservazione e valorizzazione di questi spazi. Infine, il capitolo "Smart Cities and Agroecology: Urban Agriculture, Proximity Food and Urban Ecosystem Services" presente nel libro "Drones and Geographical Information Technologies in Agroecology and Organic Farming: Contributions to Technological Sovereignty" (CRC Press, in pubblicazione) focalizza l'attenzione sui temi dell'agricoltura urbana e sulla sua scomparsa nelle pratiche delle smart cities, dimostrando come, sia possibile valorizzare queste aree per una città inclusiva. La presente ricerca intende rispondere ad una prima esigenza di aumentare le conoscenze geografiche sul consumo suolo. Ulteriori ricerche per monitorare il fenomeno potrebbero essere necessari per supportare una gestione urbana più sostenibile e inclusiva.
MAPPING URBAN SOIL FROM ABOVE AND FROM BELOW: SOIL SEALING, GREEN AREAS AND PARTICIPATION
PERONI, FRANCESCA
2022
Abstract
Soil sealing is recognized as one of the main environmental issues debated in international and national Agendas. Moreover, it is considered as one of the major threat for soils, as ecosystem services drastically decrease when a natural or semi-natural surfaces are covered by artificial materials. Due to the different driving forces and impacts, soil sealing is considered a complex phenomenon. Therefore, dealing with it needs a holistic approach for a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. In this framework, GIScience and geography give a set of integrated tools to perform a systemic analysis of soil sealing and to investigate its complex dimensions, by combining quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Hence, the thesis is articulated by developing the three main dimensions of GIScience: i) pixel, which combines spatial technologies and analyses approaches by including GIS and remote sensing techniques; ii) people, which include participation of non-expert people in spatial collection; iii) policy dimension, which investigates regulations and strategies developed to provide methodological tools and recommendations to stakeholders and policymakers. Hence, the general objective of the thesis aims to investigate the complex phenomenon of soil sealing, focusing on its geographical dimension to achieve a more sustainable and inclusive urban management. The specific objectives aim to: i) assess and map soil sealing at different scales of analysis by identifying and analyzing the main sources, methodologies and techniques; ii) mapping and classifying soil sealing in Padua by testing an ecological urban index; iii) mapping and assessing urban green spaces according to the property status for sustainable spatial planning; iv) investigating the phenomenon of urban agriculture in modern cities, focusing on agroecology approach and which methodologies might be used in order to adopt this practice in urban areas; v) investigating participatory mapping methodologies in support of urban sustainability analysis. Padua was selected as a representative case study for analyzing soil sealing, in terms of magnitude of the phenomenon and of urban policies to be adopted. Aims of the thesis were pursued and addressed in the five articles, introduced by four chapters framing the three years’ research activities. The first article "Geografia urbana e partecipazione nell’era digitale: tre esperienze a Padova tra GIScience e VGI" (2019, Bollettino della Associazione Italiana di Cartografia), addresses participatory methodologies to support urban sustainability; the second article "How to map soil sealing? A systematic review" (submitted on November 2021 to ERL) presents the state of the art on methodologies and approaches to map and assess soil sealing; the third article "Biotope Area Factor: An Ecological Urban Index to Geovisualize Soil Sealing in Padua" (2020, Sustainability) presents a methodology to map soil sealing using an urban ecological index at a detailed scale. The fourth article "Whose urban green? Mapping and classifying public and private green spaces in Padua for supporting spatial planning policies" (2021, International Journal of Geo-Information) investigates green and agricultural areas focusing for the preservation and enhancement of these spaces. Finally, the chapter "Smart Cities and Agroecology: Urban Agriculture, Proximity Food and Urban Ecosystem Services" which appears in the book "Drones and Geographical Information Technologies in Agroecology and Organic Farming: Contributions to Technological Sovereignty" (CRC Press, in press) focuses attention on urban agriculture and its disappearance in the models and practices of smart cities. Further applied researches both for monitoring soil sealing by using open geospatial data and technologies and to perform Ecosystem Services-based mitigation scenarios might be necessary to support a more sustainable and inclusive urban development and management.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/95598
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPD-95598