The thesis is the result of a research coming from some findings on the transformations of contemporary European city and from a personal idea. This idea suggests a link between the shape / the use of places and the “affective” component (positive or negative) that characterizes them and it proposes a renewed interest in “the dimension of neighbourhood”, as an object of investigation and as a suitable scale of action for urban regeneration. Complex, various and fragmented dynamics are changing the physical forms, social relations and the use of urban space, altering the perception of it. Sometimes a disorientation of the residents comes from all that, and they, often with “a sense of rootlessness and alienation”, don’t recognize places and they don’t identify themselves in collective living spaces. The reference field is, therefore, the study of the city’s transformation and the contemporary concept of “neighbourhood”. The thesis, on one side, recomposes the theoretical background and the different positions on the “dimension” of the neighbourhood, on the other one, it introduces the concept of “urban graft” - borrowed from agronomy - as a methodological reflection and practice, and as a requirement/element of opportunity of neighbourhood transformation in the contemporary city. The main objective of the research, therefore, is to make possible, in the complex combination of physical and social factors, the transformation of “peripheral contexts” (incomplete, unfinished, in transformation or in the making) in neighbourhoods and the recovery of the relation between the physical quality and the perception of identity in urban space. The text is organized into four parts, divided into chapters. The research develops first an empirical approach, then a theoretical and lexical investigation to introduce and define the concept of “urban graft”. The thesis, also, works on some examples and case studies in Europe, using an application and experimental method, understanding the relations among the different variables identified. The first part (the framework) reconstructs the theoretical background of the thesis and the theoretical and interpretative structure of the main concepts. The second part is focused on the new term and the concept of “urban graft”, borrowed by agronomic practice, but enriching it with new meanings and comparing it with some contemporary approaches (area-based approach, people-based approach; community building process), considered useful to support better conditions of taking root of the grafts. The third part, with an application and experimental approach, proposes an evaluation matrix of some European experiences. The matrix is the beginning to define the essential components, to evaluate the quality and the results of “urban grafts” and to select four cases of study (Bijlmermeer - Amsterdam; La Mina - Barcelona; Rača - Bratislava; Quarto Oggiaro - Milan), illustrated with critical cards. The fourth part, at the end, presents critical assessments on the initial idea and the closing remarks on the contents arising from the case-studies. These “open” results are useful to provide more conceptual thinking for future research and for possible practical applications. In conclusion, it appears that “the urban graft” can be considered as a possible sequence of action, opportunity (design or otherwise) to address local urban transformation and as a chance to reconstruct the connection among inhabitants and neighbourhood.
La tesi è l’esito di una ricerca scaturita da alcune constatazioni sulle trasformazioni della città contemporanea europea e da un’idea personale, che ipotizza un legame fra la forma/l’uso dei luoghi e la componente “affettiva” che li caratterizza (positiva o negativa) ed un rinnovato interesse per la “dimensione del quartiere”, come oggetto di indagine e come luogo di scala idonea per azioni rigenerative della città. Complesse, molteplici e frammentate dinamiche stanno modificando le forme fisiche, le relazioni sociali e l’uso dello spazio urbano, alterandone la percezione e comportando un disorientamento degli abitanti, che, spesso, con “un senso di sradicamento e di alienazione”, non riconoscono e non si riconoscono nei luoghi dell’abitare collettivo. Il campo di riferimento è, quindi, lo studio dei processi di trasformazione della città e del concetto attuale di quartiere. La tesi, da una parte, ricompone lo sfondo teorico e le diverse posizioni sulla “dimensione del quartiere”, dall’altra introduce il concetto di “innesto urbano” – mutuato dalla botanica − come riflessione e pratica metodologica e come requisito/elemento di opportunità di trasformazione del quartiere nella città contemporanea. L’obiettivo principale della ricerca, pertanto, è quello di rendere possibile, nella complessa combinazione dei fattori fisici e sociali, la trasformazione dei “contesti periferici” (incompleti, incompiuti, in trasformazione o in divenire) in quartieri e il recupero del legame tra la qualità fisica e la percezione identitaria dello spazio urbano. Il testo è organizzato in quattro parti, suddivise in capitoli. La ricerca sviluppa prima un approccio di tipo empirico, poi una indagine di tipo teorico-lessicale, introducendo e definendo il termine di “innesto urbano”, infine, attraverso un metodo applicativo e sperimentale, lavora su alcuni esempi e casi di studio in Europa, interpretando le relazioni fra le diverse variabili individuate. La prima parte, di inquadramento, ricostruisce lo sfondo teorico e di pensiero all’interno del quale muove la tesi e la cornice teorico-interpretativa dei principali concetti. La seconda parte, delinea il termine e il concetto di “innesto urbano”, mutuandolo dalla pratica agronomica, ma arricchendolo di nuovi significati e mette a confronto alcuni orientamenti contemporanei (area-based approach; people-based approach; community building process), ritenuti utili al supporto delle migliori condizioni di “attecchimento dell’innesto urbano”. La terza parte, di carattere applicativo e sperimentale, propone una matrice di riferimento e di verifica di alcune esperienze europee, che costituisce il punto di partenza per definire le componenti essenziali per valutare la qualità e l’esito dell’innesto e seleziona quattro casi di studio (Bijlmermeer - Amsterdam; La Mina - Barcellona; Rača - Bratislava; Quarto Oggiaro – Milano), illustrati con altrettante schede critiche. La quarta parte, di chiusura, presenta le valutazioni critiche sull’idea iniziale e le considerazioni conclusive sui contenuti scaturiti dai casi di studio. Sono questi risultati “aperti”, spunti di riflessione per approfondimenti futuri e per eventuali applicazioni. In conclusione, emerge che “l’innesto urbano” si può considerare come una possibile linea di azione, opportunità (progettuale e no) per indirizzare le trasformazioni urbane locali e opportunità per ricostruzione il legame di riconoscimento abitanti - quartiere.
“Innesto Urbano” come opportunità di trasformazione del quartiere nella città contemporanea
SCACCHI, MICAELA
2016
Abstract
The thesis is the result of a research coming from some findings on the transformations of contemporary European city and from a personal idea. This idea suggests a link between the shape / the use of places and the “affective” component (positive or negative) that characterizes them and it proposes a renewed interest in “the dimension of neighbourhood”, as an object of investigation and as a suitable scale of action for urban regeneration. Complex, various and fragmented dynamics are changing the physical forms, social relations and the use of urban space, altering the perception of it. Sometimes a disorientation of the residents comes from all that, and they, often with “a sense of rootlessness and alienation”, don’t recognize places and they don’t identify themselves in collective living spaces. The reference field is, therefore, the study of the city’s transformation and the contemporary concept of “neighbourhood”. The thesis, on one side, recomposes the theoretical background and the different positions on the “dimension” of the neighbourhood, on the other one, it introduces the concept of “urban graft” - borrowed from agronomy - as a methodological reflection and practice, and as a requirement/element of opportunity of neighbourhood transformation in the contemporary city. The main objective of the research, therefore, is to make possible, in the complex combination of physical and social factors, the transformation of “peripheral contexts” (incomplete, unfinished, in transformation or in the making) in neighbourhoods and the recovery of the relation between the physical quality and the perception of identity in urban space. The text is organized into four parts, divided into chapters. The research develops first an empirical approach, then a theoretical and lexical investigation to introduce and define the concept of “urban graft”. The thesis, also, works on some examples and case studies in Europe, using an application and experimental method, understanding the relations among the different variables identified. The first part (the framework) reconstructs the theoretical background of the thesis and the theoretical and interpretative structure of the main concepts. The second part is focused on the new term and the concept of “urban graft”, borrowed by agronomic practice, but enriching it with new meanings and comparing it with some contemporary approaches (area-based approach, people-based approach; community building process), considered useful to support better conditions of taking root of the grafts. The third part, with an application and experimental approach, proposes an evaluation matrix of some European experiences. The matrix is the beginning to define the essential components, to evaluate the quality and the results of “urban grafts” and to select four cases of study (Bijlmermeer - Amsterdam; La Mina - Barcelona; Rača - Bratislava; Quarto Oggiaro - Milan), illustrated with critical cards. The fourth part, at the end, presents critical assessments on the initial idea and the closing remarks on the contents arising from the case-studies. These “open” results are useful to provide more conceptual thinking for future research and for possible practical applications. In conclusion, it appears that “the urban graft” can be considered as a possible sequence of action, opportunity (design or otherwise) to address local urban transformation and as a chance to reconstruct the connection among inhabitants and neighbourhood.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/97838
URN:NBN:IT:UNIROMA1-97838