This research focuses on the study and the description of the metaphorical behaviour of terminology in the domain of astrophysics between French and Italian, through the concept of the ‘life cycle’ of a metaphor, an essential notion in the study of specialised languages, in a corpus of popular science texts. This study is composed of two main stages. The first stage is to define metaphor as a term-creation process and a popularisation tool, and the roles it plays in the dynamics of specialised languages. According to the socioterminological approach, it is possible to consider the dynamics of terms, metaphorical in our case, in specialised languages as well as their dissemination in the social dimension, from their creation within the scientific community to their transmission to the public. The second stage is developed on the basis of a comparable bilingual French and Italian corpus, and concerns a ‘short-term diachronic’ analysis of the metaphorical terms related to black holes, white holes, wormholes and extrasolar planets contained in the corpus we built by gathering articles published in French popularisation magazines (L’Astronomie, La Recherche, Pour la Science), and Italian popularisation magazines (Astronomia Unione Astrofili Italiani, Coelum Astronomia, Nuovo Orione) in the astrophysical domain, from 1990 to 2020. The metaphors detected in the corpus are analysed according to classification and evolution criteria, such as the semantic-referential conflict and the evolution towards coherence. The diachronic perspective, linked to the development of discoveries in sciences, makes it possible to reveal the evolution of terms and concepts in specialised languages (Dury and Picton 2009), even the one that may occur in the very short term (Picton 2014). The research methodology is based on Metaphor Identification Procedure Virji University (MIPVU) (Steen et al. 2010), a metaphor identification procedure developed from MIP (Pragglejaz Group 2007) which allows to detect the metaphorical use of lexical units in discourse by comparing the basic meaning and the contextual meaning of a lexical unit. The tools selected for this research are TermoStat for the detection of the specificity score of the term-candidate and Sketch Engine for the analysis of the comparable corpus. Considering the new scientific discoveries and research developments that took place during the period considered in the domain of astrophysics, metaphors such as ‘the black hole embryo’, ‘white holes are the alter ego of black holes’, ‘wormholes are tunnels or bridges’, ‘the mother planet’ and ‘the orphan planet’ are examined in their process of creation and evolution, starting from the conceptual conflict that is triggered by the transfer of a lexical unit into the target domain of astrophysics. In a multilingual perspective, equivalent terms are brought together, considering the transposition of metaphors in both French and Italian linguistic communities in astrophysics. The proposed perspective shows the evolution and stratification of metaphors, in order to offer a detailed representation of astrophysical terminology and its dynamics. Finally, based on the results obtained during the research, a synthesis is developed on the conceptual and linguistic aspect, in order to describe the process of metaphorical designation as well as to analyse the secondary terminological formation and the equivalence of metaphorical terms between French and Italian in this domain.
Cette recherche se concentre sur l’étude et la description du comportement métaphorique de la terminologie du domaine de l’astrophysique entre le français et l’italien, à travers le concept du « cycle de vie » d’une métaphore, notion incontournable dans l’étude des langues spécialisées, dans un corpus de textes de vulgarisation scientifique. Cette étude se compose de deux étapes principales. La première se propose de définir la métaphore, en tant qu’un procédé de création de termes et outil de vulgarisation, et les rôles qu’elle joue dans la dynamique des langues spécialisées. Selon l’approche socioterminologique, il est possible de considérer la dynamique des termes, métaphoriques dans notre cas, dans les langues spécialisées ainsi que leur diffusion dans la dimension sociale, à partir de leur création à l’intérieur de la communauté scientifique jusqu’à leur transmission au grand public. La deuxième étape est développée sur la base d’un corpus comparable bilingue français et italien, et concerne une analyse en « diachronie courte » des termes métaphoriques liés aux trous noirs, aux trous blancs, aux trous de ver et aux planètes extrasolaires présents dans le corpus que nous avons construit en rassemblant les articles parus dans des revues de vulgarisation françaises (L’Astronomie, La Recherche, Pour la Science) et italiennes (Astronomia Unione Astrofili Italiani, Coelum Astronomia, Nuovo Orione) dans le domaine astrophysique, à partir de l’année 1990 jusqu’à 2020. Les métaphores détectées dans le corpus sont analysées selon des critères de classification et d’évolution, comme la conflictualité sémantico-référentielle et l’évolution vers la cohérence. La perspective diachronique, liée au développement des découvertes dans les sciences, permet de révéler l’évolution des termes et des concepts dans les langues de spécialité (Dury et Picton 2009), même celle qui peut se manifester à très court terme (Picton 2014). La méthodologie de recherche est basée sur la Metaphor Identification Procedure Virji University (MIPVU) (Steen et al. 2010), une procédure d’identification des métaphores développée à partir de la MIP (Pragglejaz Group 2007) qui permet de détecter l’usage métaphorique des unités lexicales dans le discours, en comparant le sens de base et le sens contextuel d’une unité lexicale. Les outils sélectionnés pour cette recherche sont TermoStat pour la détection de score de spécificité des candidats-termes et Sketch Engine pour l’analyse du corpus comparable. Considérant les nouvelles découvertes scientifiques et les développements des recherches qui ont eu lieu pendant la période considérée dans le domaine de l’astrophysique, les métaphores comme « l’embryon de trou noir », « les trous blancs sont l’alter ego des trous noirs », « les trous de ver sont des tunnels ou des ponts », « la planète mère » et « la planète orpheline » sont examinées dans leur processus de création et d’évolution, à partir du conflit conceptuel qui est déclenché par le transfert d’une unité lexicale dans le domaine cible de l’astrophysique. Dans une perspective multilingue, les termes équivalents sont réunis, considérant la transposition des métaphores dans les deux communautés linguistiques française et italienne dans l’astrophysique. La perspective proposée montre l’évolution et la stratification des métaphores, afin d’offrir une représentation détaillée de la terminologie de l’astrophysique et de sa dynamique. Enfin, sur la base des résultats obtenus pendant la recherche, une synthèse est élaborée sur l’aspect conceptuel et linguistique, afin de décrire le processus de dénomination métaphorique ainsi que d’analyser la formation terminologique secondaire et l’équivalence des termes métaphoriques entre le français et l’italien dans ce domaine.
Le « cycle de vie » de la métaphore dans la langue scientifique. Une étude en diachronie courte entre astrophysique et vulgarisation, en français et italien
ZANELLA, GLORIA
2025
Abstract
This research focuses on the study and the description of the metaphorical behaviour of terminology in the domain of astrophysics between French and Italian, through the concept of the ‘life cycle’ of a metaphor, an essential notion in the study of specialised languages, in a corpus of popular science texts. This study is composed of two main stages. The first stage is to define metaphor as a term-creation process and a popularisation tool, and the roles it plays in the dynamics of specialised languages. According to the socioterminological approach, it is possible to consider the dynamics of terms, metaphorical in our case, in specialised languages as well as their dissemination in the social dimension, from their creation within the scientific community to their transmission to the public. The second stage is developed on the basis of a comparable bilingual French and Italian corpus, and concerns a ‘short-term diachronic’ analysis of the metaphorical terms related to black holes, white holes, wormholes and extrasolar planets contained in the corpus we built by gathering articles published in French popularisation magazines (L’Astronomie, La Recherche, Pour la Science), and Italian popularisation magazines (Astronomia Unione Astrofili Italiani, Coelum Astronomia, Nuovo Orione) in the astrophysical domain, from 1990 to 2020. The metaphors detected in the corpus are analysed according to classification and evolution criteria, such as the semantic-referential conflict and the evolution towards coherence. The diachronic perspective, linked to the development of discoveries in sciences, makes it possible to reveal the evolution of terms and concepts in specialised languages (Dury and Picton 2009), even the one that may occur in the very short term (Picton 2014). The research methodology is based on Metaphor Identification Procedure Virji University (MIPVU) (Steen et al. 2010), a metaphor identification procedure developed from MIP (Pragglejaz Group 2007) which allows to detect the metaphorical use of lexical units in discourse by comparing the basic meaning and the contextual meaning of a lexical unit. The tools selected for this research are TermoStat for the detection of the specificity score of the term-candidate and Sketch Engine for the analysis of the comparable corpus. Considering the new scientific discoveries and research developments that took place during the period considered in the domain of astrophysics, metaphors such as ‘the black hole embryo’, ‘white holes are the alter ego of black holes’, ‘wormholes are tunnels or bridges’, ‘the mother planet’ and ‘the orphan planet’ are examined in their process of creation and evolution, starting from the conceptual conflict that is triggered by the transfer of a lexical unit into the target domain of astrophysics. In a multilingual perspective, equivalent terms are brought together, considering the transposition of metaphors in both French and Italian linguistic communities in astrophysics. The proposed perspective shows the evolution and stratification of metaphors, in order to offer a detailed representation of astrophysical terminology and its dynamics. Finally, based on the results obtained during the research, a synthesis is developed on the conceptual and linguistic aspect, in order to describe the process of metaphorical designation as well as to analyse the secondary terminological formation and the equivalence of metaphorical terms between French and Italian in this domain.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/223241
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMORE-223241