This dissertation investigates the possibility of identifying graphic models within the considerable variability of medieval documentary scripts through the study of cartularies produced in the Parisian area during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Drawing upon recent developments in diplomatics, palaeography, and codicology, the research approaches the cartulary not merely as a collection of copied documents but as a complex artefact reflecting institutional strategies, documentary practices, and the written culture of the communities that produced it. The first part critically reconstructs the historiography of cartulary studies, from the definitions proposed by Jean Mabillon to the emergence of contemporary cartularies' studies. It highlights the gradual shift from viewing cartularies as simple repositories of documents to considering them as cultural objects whose internal organisation, selection criteria, and textual arrangement convey historical meaning. Particular attention is devoted to the relationships between cartularies, archives, institutional memory, documentary practices, and the broader renewal of medieval studies and manuscript scholarship. The second part presents a palaeographical investigation of a corpus of Parisian cartularies. Through the systematic analysis of scribal hands, graphic features, and writing practices, the dissertation examines the extent and nature of script variability. Rather than interpreting variation as random, the research demonstrates how it reflects specific production contexts, scribal habits, and documentary purposes. A comparative approach allows the identification of recurring graphic patterns alongside features that remain highly variable, contributing to the discussion on whether stable palaeographical models can be recognised within apparently heterogeneous documentary traditions. The final section explores the contribution of Digital Palaeography, with particular emphasis on Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) technologies. By applying automatic handwriting recognition tools to medieval documentary scripts, the study assesses both the potential and the limitations of computational methods for transcription and quantitative palaeographical analysis. The results highlight the importance of combining machine-assisted approaches with traditional palaeographical expertise, showing that computational techniques can enhance - but not replace - the interpretative work of the historian and palaeographer. Overall, the dissertation proposes an interdisciplinary framework integrating diplomatics, palaeography, codicology, and digital humanities. It argues that combining traditional manuscript analysis with computational methodologies provides new perspectives on the relationship between regularity and variation in medieval scripts and contributes to a deeper understanding of Parisian cartularies and medieval documentary culture more broadly.
La ricerca affronta il problema della definizione di modelli grafici all'interno della forte variabilità delle scritture documentarie medievali attraverso lo studio dei cartulari prodotti nell'area parigina tra XII e XIII secolo. Muovendo dalle più recenti acquisizioni della diplomatica, della paleografia e della codicologia, la tesi considera il cartulario non soltanto come raccolta di copie documentarie, ma come manufatto complesso, espressione delle pratiche di scrittura, delle strategie documentarie e delle esigenze istituzionali delle comunità che lo hanno prodotto. Una prima parte ricostruisce criticamente l'evoluzione degli studi sui cartulari, dalle definizioni formulate da Jean Mabillon fino agli orientamenti contemporanei dei cartularies' studies, evidenziando il progressivo passaggio da una concezione del cartulario come semplice contenitore di documenti a quella di oggetto culturale dotato di una propria logica compositiva. In tale prospettiva vengono approfonditi i rapporti tra cartulari, archivi, memoria istituzionale, pratiche di copia e produzione libraria, nel quadro del rinnovamento metodologico delle discipline storiche e dei Manuscript Studies. La seconda parte si concentra sull'analisi paleografica di un corpus di cartulari parigini, esaminando sistematicamente le caratteristiche delle scritture, i livelli di variabilità grafica e le modalità di intervento dei copisti. L'indagine mette in evidenza come la variabilità non costituisca un elemento casuale, ma rifletta dinamiche riconducibili ai contesti di produzione, alle pratiche scrittorie e alle finalità delle raccolte documentarie. Attraverso un approccio comparativo vengono individuati gli elementi maggiormente stabili e quelli più soggetti a trasformazione, discutendo la possibilità di definire modelli grafici all'interno di una tradizione apparentemente eterogenea. L'ultima parte esplora le potenzialità offerte dalle metodologie di paleografia digitale e, in particolare, dai sistemi di Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR). Attraverso l'impiego di strumenti di riconoscimento automatico della scrittura viene valutato il contributo che le tecnologie computazionali possono offrire allo studio delle scritture medievali, sia come supporto alla trascrizione sia come strumento di analisi quantitativa delle caratteristiche paleografiche. La ricerca evidenzia opportunità e limiti di tali approcci, sottolineando la necessità di un dialogo costante tra competenze storico-paleografiche e metodi informatici. La tesi propone quindi un modello di ricerca fortemente interdisciplinare, nel quale diplomatica, paleografia, codicologia e digital humanities concorrono alla comprensione della cultura documentaria medievale. I risultati mostrano come l'integrazione tra analisi tradizionale e strumenti digitali consenta di affrontare in modo innovativo il rapporto tra regolarità e variabilità delle scritture, offrendo nuove prospettive per lo studio dei cartulari e, più in generale, della produzione documentaria medievale.
Definire un modello nella variabilità? Le scritture dei cartulari parigini (XII-XIII secolo) tra analisi paleografica e riconoscimento automatico della scrittura
GALLI, MICHELA
2026
Abstract
This dissertation investigates the possibility of identifying graphic models within the considerable variability of medieval documentary scripts through the study of cartularies produced in the Parisian area during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Drawing upon recent developments in diplomatics, palaeography, and codicology, the research approaches the cartulary not merely as a collection of copied documents but as a complex artefact reflecting institutional strategies, documentary practices, and the written culture of the communities that produced it. The first part critically reconstructs the historiography of cartulary studies, from the definitions proposed by Jean Mabillon to the emergence of contemporary cartularies' studies. It highlights the gradual shift from viewing cartularies as simple repositories of documents to considering them as cultural objects whose internal organisation, selection criteria, and textual arrangement convey historical meaning. Particular attention is devoted to the relationships between cartularies, archives, institutional memory, documentary practices, and the broader renewal of medieval studies and manuscript scholarship. The second part presents a palaeographical investigation of a corpus of Parisian cartularies. Through the systematic analysis of scribal hands, graphic features, and writing practices, the dissertation examines the extent and nature of script variability. Rather than interpreting variation as random, the research demonstrates how it reflects specific production contexts, scribal habits, and documentary purposes. A comparative approach allows the identification of recurring graphic patterns alongside features that remain highly variable, contributing to the discussion on whether stable palaeographical models can be recognised within apparently heterogeneous documentary traditions. The final section explores the contribution of Digital Palaeography, with particular emphasis on Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) technologies. By applying automatic handwriting recognition tools to medieval documentary scripts, the study assesses both the potential and the limitations of computational methods for transcription and quantitative palaeographical analysis. The results highlight the importance of combining machine-assisted approaches with traditional palaeographical expertise, showing that computational techniques can enhance - but not replace - the interpretative work of the historian and palaeographer. Overall, the dissertation proposes an interdisciplinary framework integrating diplomatics, palaeography, codicology, and digital humanities. It argues that combining traditional manuscript analysis with computational methodologies provides new perspectives on the relationship between regularity and variation in medieval scripts and contributes to a deeper understanding of Parisian cartularies and medieval documentary culture more broadly.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/379309
URN:NBN:IT:UNIROMA1-379309